These dog days of summer (in my hemisphere) are a great time for a rewarding new look at a familiar story.
How did Abraham Lincoln, arguably the greatest U.S. president, make the amazing leap from country boy in rural Kentucky to the White House?
Nancy Horan’s recent historical novel, The House of Lincoln, offers hints as it reveals how Lincoln’s years in Springfield, Illinois, impacted him.
Brief Summary:
In an entertaining and suspenseful yet historically accurate way, Horan focuses on the complicated background shaping life in the Illinois capital through the stories of three families:
- Mary Todd Lincoln (the family she and Abraham created, as well as her family of origin)
- a Portuguese immigrant family, the Ferreiras, whose daughter, Ana works as a domestic for the Lincolns
- a free Black family, the Donnegans, whose members play varied roles in the Underground Railroad
The House of Lincoln begins with Ana’s arrival in 1849 at age 9 as part of a group of 130 Portuguese immigrants from Madeira who escaped after harvesting sugar cane in Trinidad.
The author weaves together the story of the Lincolns and Springfield, Illinois—with its Portuguese immigrants, state government, Underground Railway participants, and slave catchers.
Early in the story, the author gives a clue about the historical (and future) conflict in Springfield, when Mrs. Alsop, a White abolitionist widow whom Ana companions, tells her, “This area was settled early on by New England abolitionists. But it was also settled by Kentucky corn crackers and other uplanders from down South. We may live side by side in this town, but we don’t always understand each other.”
The novel ends in 1909 after a celebration of Lincoln’s 100th birthday.
Characters:
Ana Ferreira – protagonist, a sympathetic young Portuguese immigrant who works for the Lincoln family. The story unfolds mostly through her eyes.
Cal (Calli Patterson) – Ana’s childhood best friend; her mixed racial heritage plays a major role in their relationship and the story as a whole
Mary Todd Lincoln – Abraham Lincoln’s wife; the author fairly portrays Mary’s strengths and weaknesses, revealing the background from which the contradictory aspects of her character developed.
Abraham Lincoln – the author shows Lincoln’s roots and humanity as well as the elements of his character that made him great
William Donnegan – adventurous Black cobbler, he conducted escapees from slavery to their next destination in their struggle for freedom
Spencer Donnegan – William’s brother, a barber (to Lincoln and many others) and African Methodist Episcopal preacher in Springfield; he used his talents to write an eloquent address to the people of Illinois, expressing Black demands for the education of Black children, and the repeal of the new Black exclusion laws restricting the settlement of free Blacks in Illinois
Owen Evans – Ana’s husband, he’s a journalist who reports on the Lincoln-Douglas debates. He supports Lincoln and volunteers for the Union Army.
Joao Ferreira – Ana’s younger brother: along with his Portuguese friends, he supports Lincoln and volunteers for the Union Army
Cameo appearances:
Frederick Douglass – enslaved and orphaned as a boy, he became a famous Black orator who opposed colonization of Blacks to Africa; in 1866, after the Civil War and Lincoln’s assassination, he speaks in Springfield, arguing for Blacks’ right to vote and warning about the danger that Blacks’ rights (that had only recently been won) would be stripped away.
Stephen Douglas – Lincoln’s opponent in both the campaign for the U.S. Senate from Illinois (in which Douglas defeated Lincoln in 1858) and the presidential race (which Lincoln won in 1860). Douglas didn’t want to offend Southern states by opposing slavery. He declares that only all White men are created equal, while Lincoln insists that Blacks are equal to Whites. His character comes across as weak, especially after Ana hears him tell a lie–that Lincoln would make war on slavery in slaveholding states.
Strengths:
The House of Lincoln brings to life the historical figures of Abraham and Mary Lincoln and their sons, Stephen Douglas, and Frederick Douglass, as well as the fictional characters. The novel also helps readers understand the characters’ (and U.S. society’s) underlying motivations and conflicts.
Weakness:
I found this novel’s beginning a bit slow, but it lays the groundwork for the story, and the pace picks up.
Content review:
The House of Lincoln includes descriptions of some of the violence inflicted on Blacks during this era.
My recommendation:
This novel’s plot is somewhat complex, yet entertaining, suspenseful, and historically accurate. If you appreciate a well-spun plot full of twists and turns, rich characters, and desire a deeper understanding of people and events, you’ll enjoy The House of Lincoln.
Reader, which historical novels have given you new insight into a familiar story?